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1.
Estud. pesqui. psicol. (Impr.) ; 22(3): 1124-1142, set. 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1428715

ABSTRACT

Investigou-se como a dor e a alegria podem influenciar a construção do ser palhaço(a) com o objetivo de compreender melhor a construção da sua subjetividade. Foram realizadas entrevistas com dez palhaços(as). Utilizou-se como método a análise de conteúdo e o software NVivo® para sistematizar as informações presentes nos discursos dos(as) participantes em doze categorias, agrupadas em dois eixos temáticos e analisadas a partir de sua pertinência na construção do entendimento de ser palhaço(a). Os resultados indicaram que a dor diante de perdas afetivas no processo de ser palhaço(a) passa pela transformação do trágico à comicidade, não para minimizá-la, mas para lidar com a finitude humana por meio da ética, poética e estética de afirmação da vida. A transgressão da palhaçaria permite superar dificuldades e transformá-las criativamente em riso. Conclui-se que o ser palhaço(a) torna-se a vitrine das condições humanas apresentadas por meio do cômico, do trágico, do ridículo, do perder, do político, do rústico e do ser-no-mundo.


It was investigated how pain and joy can influence the construction of being a clown in order to better understand the construction of their subjectivity. Interviews were conducted with ten clowns. Content analysis and the NVivo® software were used as a method to systematize the information present in the participants' speeches into twelve categories, grouped into two thematic axes and analyzed based on its pertinence in the construction of the understanding of being a clown. The results indicated that the pain in the face of affective losses in the process of being a clown goes through the transformation from the tragic to the comic, not to minimize it, but to deal with human finitude through ethics, poetics and life-affirming aesthetics. The transgression of clowning allows you to overcome difficulties and creatively transform them into laughter. It is concluded that being a clown becomes the showcase of human conditions presented through the comic, the tragic, the ridiculous, the losing, the political, the rustic and the being-in-the-world.


Se investigó cómo el dolor y la alegría pueden influir en la construcción del payaso, con el objetivo de comprender mejor la construcción de su subjetividad. Se realizaron entrevistas con diez payasos. El análisis de contenido y el software NVivo® se utilizaron como método para sistematizar la información presente en los discursos de los participantes, en doce categorías, agrupadas en dos ejes temáticos, y analizadas desde la pertinencia en la construcción de la comprensión del payaso. Los resultados indicaron que el dolor ante pérdidas afectivas en el proceso de ser payaso sufre una transformación de lo trágico a lo cómico, no para minimizar el dolor, sino para lidiar con la finitud humana a través de la ética, la poética y la estética afirmadora de la vida. La transgresión del clown te permite superar las dificultades y transformarlas creativamente en risa. Se concluye que ser payaso se convierte en el escaparate de las condiciones humanas que se presentan a través de lo cómico, lo trágico, lo ridículo, lo perdedor, lo político, lo rústico y el ser-en-el-mundo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pain , Perception , Wit and Humor as Topic , Happiness , Laughter , Qualitative Research
2.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 25(2): 87-94, maio-ago. 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1252350

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar os níveis de estado de humor de mulheres adultas praticantes de atividade física regular com os de mulheres adultas sedentárias. Participaram do estudo 57 mulheres (53,36 ± 10,68 anos de idade), divididas em dois grupos: ativas e sedentárias. Utilizou-se um questionário para caracterização da amostra e a Escala de Humor de Brunel (BRUMS). Os resultados do presente estudo demonstraram que as mulheres ativas apresentaram estado de humor positivo, além de apresentaram baixos escores para o estado de humor negativo, quando comparadas aos escores das mulheres sedentárias. Pode-se concluir que a atividade física pode influenciar positivamente o estado de humor.


The aim of this study was to compare mood levels of adult women engaged in regular physical activity with those of sedentary adult women. Fifty-seven women participated in the study (53.36 ± 10.68 years' old), divided into two groups: active and sedentary. A questionnaire was used to characterize the sample, and the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) was also applied. The results demonstrated that active women had a positive mood state in addition to having low scores for negative mood state when compared to the scores of sedentary women. It can be concluded that physical activity can have a positive influence on mood state.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Wit and Humor as Topic/psychology , Exercise/psychology , Stress, Psychological , Walking/psychology , Confusion/prevention & control , Depression , Fatigue/psychology , Sedentary Behavior , Psychology, Sports
3.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 45(3): e168, 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1288307

ABSTRACT

Resumo: Introdução: Em todo o mundo, a arte tem sido utilizada como recurso pedagógico no curso médico. No Brasil, vários grupos de "palhaçoterapia" - projetos que envolvem a atuação de estudantes como palhaços-doutores - foram criados visando promover uma humanização do cuidado nos hospitais. A partir daí, vários estudos começaram a identificar impactos da participação nesses projetos na formação médica. Este estudo investiga a percepção do profissional formado acerca da influência da experiência como palhaço-doutor na sua prática médica. Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar, na graduação de Medicina, a formação na arte do palhaço como estratégia para contribuir para o desenvolvimento de competências na prática médica. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva com abordagem qualitativa, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com 15 participantes, que foram escolhidos pela técnica da bola de neve. O universo da pesquisa consiste em médicos que participaram de projetos de palhaçoterapia durante a graduação, em Recife, Pernambuco. As informações coletadas foram organizadas com o auxílio do software MAXQDA e submetidas à análise textual discursiva proposta por Moraes, que segue três passos de forma cíclica: a desmontagem dos textos em unidades de significado, o estabelecimento de relações e a captação do emergente. Resultado: A partir da análise das transcrições das entrevistas, emergiram diversas categorias de competências relatadas pelos participantes. No processo de construção de um novo significado com base nesses achados, foi necessário selecionar os que tinham relação com o que estava proposto nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) de Medicina de 2014. As habilidades percebidas foram agrupadas nas seguintes categorias: sensibilização, ressignificação, lidar com o erro e relação com o paciente. Conclusão: Esta pesquisa procurou explorar o fenômeno translacional, por meio do qual se investigaram quais ensinamentos, na visão de profissionais da medicina, foram apreendidos para sua prática a partir da aprendizagem e do exercício da arte do palhaço. Quando se realizou essa comparação com as DCN, foi possível encontrar interseções entre o que se espera desenvolver durante a formação médica e algumas das competências desenvolvidas com ajuda da arte do palhaço.


Abstract: Introduction: Art has been used as a teaching resource in medical education around the world. In Brazil, several "clown therapy" groups - a common name for projects in which students perform as "clown doctors" in hospitals - have been created with the aim of helping to humanize hospital care. Several studies have identified the impacts on medical training, as perceived by the participants of such projects. This study investigates how trained professionals view the influence of their previous experiences as clown doctors on actual medical practice. Objective: To analyze clown training in medical school as a strategy to contribute to the development of medical practice skills. Method: This is an exploratory and descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 participants, who were chosen using the snowball technique. The sample consists of doctors who participated in clown therapy projects during their undergraduate training, in Recife, Pernambuco. The collected information was organized with the MAXQDA software and underwent discursive content analysis as proposed by Moraes, which follows a three-step cycle: the deconstruction of text into units of meaning, the establishment of relationships, and the capture of the emerging knowledge. Result: Analysis of the interview transcripts generated several categories of competencies reported by the participants. In the process of constructing new meaning based on these findings, it was necessary to select those that were related to the proposals of the 2014 National Curriculum Guidelines (DCNs) for medicine. The perceived skills were grouped into the following categories: awareness, resignification, dealing with error and physician-patient relationship. Conclusion: This research sought to explore the translational phenomenon, investigating which competencies, in the eyes of medical professionals, were learned from practicing the art of clowning. By drawing comparisons with the National Curriculum Guidelines (DCNs), intersections were found between expected development during medical training and some of the skills developed with the help of the art of clowning.


Subject(s)
Humans , Laughter Therapy , Education, Medical , Humanization of Assistance , Physician-Patient Relations , Wit and Humor as Topic , Interviews as Topic
4.
Rev. SPAGESP ; 21(2): 7-22, jul.-dez. 2020. ilus, tab
Article in English | INDEXPSI, LILACS | ID: biblio-1125728

ABSTRACT

We carried out an evaluation of the evidence of internal structure and scores reliability of the Social Skills Inventory for the Elderly (SSI-E) in a sample of 616 Brazilian elderly, between the ages of 60 and 94, from diverse Social-economic stratum. We used EFA, CFA, and reliability measures (Composite Reliability). SSI-E is a 20-item instrument (χ2/gl = 1.406, CFI = 0.912, RMSEA = 0.037, SRMR = 0.0563) with four factors: Emotional expressiveness; Assertiveness; Conversation and social resourcefulness; Affective-sexual approach. The composite reliability of the factors ranged between 0.70 and 0.80, suggesting good precision. The SSI-E allows a very parsimonious application. We discuss the implications of these findings for research, assessment, and intervention on mental health among the elderly.


Considerando a ausência de um instrumento de habilidades sociais específico para idosos, os objetivos deste estudo foram obter e validar uma estrutura própria de itens e fatores para o Inventário de Habilidades Sociais para idosos (IHSI-Del-Prette). Os participantes foram 616 pessoas entre 60 e 94 anos, de diversos níveis socioeconômicos. Foram realizadas Análise Fatorial Exploratória, Análise Fatorial Confirmatória e avaliação da confiabilidade composta. O IHSI-Del-Prette é composto por 20 itens (χ2/gl = 1.406, CFI = 0.912, RMSEA = 0.037, SRMR = 0.0563) organizados em quatro fatores: Assertividade; Conversação e desenvoltura social; Abordagem afetivo-sexual, com confiabilidade composta entre 0.70 e 0.80. O IHSI-Del-Prette possibilita uma avaliação precisa, com contribuições para pesquisa, avaliação e intervenção relacionadas à saúde mental em idosos.


Considerando la ausencia de un instrumento específico de habilidades sociales para los ancianos, los objetivos de este estudio fueron obtener y validar una estructura específica de ítems y factores para el Inventario de Habilidades Sociales para los ancianos (IHSI-Del-Prette). Los participantes fueron 616 personas entre 60 y 94 años, de diferentes niveles socioeconómicos. Se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios, análisis factoriales confirmatorios y evaluación de confiabilidad compuesta. El IHSI-Del-Prette consta de 20 ítems (χ2 / gl = 1,406, CFI = 0.912, RMSEA = 0.037, SRMR = 0.0563) distribuidos en cuatro factores: Asertividad; Conversación e ingenio social; Aproximación afectivo-sexual, con fiabilidad entre 0,70 y 0,80. El IHSI-Del-Prette permite una evaluación precisa, con contribuciones a la investigación, evaluación e intervención relacionadas con la salud mental en los ancianos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Assertiveness , Wit and Humor as Topic , Brazil , Absenteeism , Social Skills , Emotional Adjustment
5.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 24(12): 4727-4738, dez. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055734

ABSTRACT

Abstract Several anti-smoking campaigns have been used for decades to reduce smoking consumption. However, so far, there is no consensus regarding the effectiveness of inducing distinct emotions in reducing smoke consumption. This study tested the effects of two types of anti-smoking ads, inducing fear or humor, on emotions, perceived effectiveness, support for tobacco control policies, urges to smoke, and susceptibility to smoke. Participants (N = 108; 54 smokers) of both genders were randomly assigned to one of the two following emotion ads condition: fear (N = 52) or humor (N = 56). During exposure, the continuous flow of their emotions by self-report and physiologically was collected. Measures of ads impact on emotions, perceived effectiveness, urges and susceptibility to smoking, and support for tobacco policies were applied after exposure. The results have shown that fear ads were perceived as more effective and reduced the urges to smoke in smokers. Non-smokers were more supportive of tobacco control policies. In conclusion, this study showed that fear campaigns can reduce the urge to smoke among smokers and are perceived to be more effective. This perceived effectiveness can be partially explained by feelings of fear, regardless the other emotions it also triggers, and of the smoking status.


Resumo Várias campanhas antitabágicas são usadas para reduzir o consumo de tabaco. No entanto, até ao momento não existe um consenso sobre a eficácia da indução de emoções específicas nestas campanhas. Este estudo testou os efeitos de dois tipos de campanhas antitabágicas, induzindo Medo ou Humor, nas emoções, na perceção de eficácia das campanhas, no apoio a políticas antitabágicas, no desejo de fumar, e na suscetibilidade para fumar. Os participantes (N = 108; 54 fumadores), de ambos os sexos, foram aleatoriamente distribuídos para uma das seguintes campanhas indutoras de emoções: medo (N = 52) ou humor (N = 56). Durante a exposição, registou-se o fluxo contínuo das emoções autorreportadas e as respostas fisiológicas. Após a exposição avaliou-se o impacto das campanhas nas emoções, na perceção de eficácia, nas políticas antitabágicas, no desejo e na suscetibilidade para fumar. Os resultados evidenciaram que as campanhas indutoras de medo foram percecionadas como mais eficazes e reduziram o desejo de fumar em fumadores. Políticas antitabágicas foram mais apoiadas por não fumadores. Futuramente deverá considerar-se que induzir diferentes emoções em campanhas antitabágicas pode ter efeitos distintos a nível afetivo e cognitivo, com possível relevância para a mudança comportamental.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Wit and Humor as Topic/psychology , Advertising/methods , Fear/psychology , Smoking Prevention/methods , Smokers/psychology , Public Policy , Emotions , Non-Smokers/psychology , Middle Aged
6.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 72(4): 1078-1085, Jul.-Aug. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1020543

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the factors influencing the use of humor in nursing care, its applicability and benefits. Method: A scoping review was performed using the Arksey and O'Mally methodology. A search for articles published between 2008 and 2018 was performed using the platforms EBSCO Host, Virtual Health Library and Google Scholar. Results: From the initial 465 articles found, 17 were included for final revision. Data allowed to retrieve information on humor definition; its applicability as a nursing intervention; humor as a tool to improve nurse-patient communication and relationship; influence factors; type of humor interventions; humor benefits in health care context and; limitations and precautions of humor intervention. Conclusion: The use of humor promotes both communication and human interaction; it promotes well-being; helps deal/cope with difficult and unpleasant situations, reduces tension, discomfort and stress; and strengthens the immune system. This intervention should be used with caution.


RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever os fatores que influenciam o uso do humor no cuidado de enfermagem, sua aplicabilidade e benefícios. Método: Revisão escopo segundo a metodologia de Arksey e O'Mally. Foram pesquisados artigos publicados entre 2008 e 2018, nas plataformas EBSCO Host, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e Google Académico. Resultados: Foram identificados 465 artigos e incluídos 17 destes. Foi encontrada informação sobre definição de humor; sua aplicabilidade como intervenção de enfermagem; o humor como ferramenta para melhorar a comunicação e a relação entre o enfermeiro e o paciente; fatores de influência; tipo de intervenções de humor; benefícios de humor nos cuidados de saúde e; ainda as limitações e precauções de intervenção de humor. Conclusão: O humor promove a comunicação, as relações e bem-estar; ajuda a lidar com situações difíceis e desagradáveis, reduz a tensão, o desconforto e o estresse; e fortalecer o sistema imunológico. Esta intervenção deve ser usada com precaução.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir los factores que influencian el uso del humor en el cuidado de enfermería, su aplicabilidad y beneficios. Método: Revisión de alcance según la metodología de Arksey y O'Mally. Se investigaron artículos publicados entre 2008 y 2018, en las plataformas EBSCO Host, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud y Google Académico. Resultados: Se han identificado 465 artículos e incluidos 17 de ellos. Se encontró información sobre la definición de humor; su aplicabilidad como intervención de enfermería; el humor como herramienta para mejorar la comunicación y la relación entre el enfermero y el paciente; factores de influencia; el tipo de intervenciones de humor; beneficios del humor en la atención de salud y; las limitaciones y precauciones de intervención del humor. Conclusión: El humor promueve la comunicación, las relaciones y el bienestar; ayuda a manejar situaciones difíciles y desagradables, reduce la tensión, la incomodidad y el estrés; y fortalecer el sistema inmunológico. Esta intervención debe usarse con precaución.


Subject(s)
Humans , Nurse-Patient Relations , Wit and Humor as Topic/psychology , Complementary Therapies , Adaptation, Psychological
7.
Rev. Subj. (Impr.) ; 19(2): 1-14, maio-ago. 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1092232

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar de que modo aspectos cômicos presentes na performance de personagens homossexuais masculinos convencionam formações discursivas sobre homossexualidade em telenovelas brasileiras. O corpus do estudo contemplou personagens de novelas da faixa das 21h da Rede Globo, a saber, Félix (Amor à vida) e Téo Pereira (Império). A partir de depuração de 30 cenas previamente selecionadas de cada telenovela, foram eleitas e transcritas 15 de cada uma, totalizando 30 cenas. O corpus foi analisado segundo referenciais dos estudos culturais latino-americanos e dos estudos queer. Foram discutidos o arco de desenvolvimento de cada personagem e o papel da comicidade na construção de sua sexualidade, bem como de que modo as formações discursivas presentes nas telenovelas reiteram depreciações morais historicamente atribuídas aos homossexuais. Ainda que possam ser genericamente enquadrados no grupo dos personagens homossexuais constantemente defenestrados, Félix e Téo Pereira apresentam aspectos intersticiais entre a abjeção e a assimilação à lógica familista, recurso utilizado pela cultura da mídia a fim de pasteurizar as diferenças no âmbito das relações de gênero e da sexualidade.


This study aimed to analyze how comic aspects present in the performance of male homosexual characters convince discursive formations about homosexuality in Brazilian soap operas. The corpus of the study included characters from 9 p.m. soap operas from Rede Globo, namely, Felix (Amor à Vida) and Téo Pereira (Império). From the debugging of 30 previously selected scenes from each soap opera, 15 were chosen and transcribed, totaling 30 scenes. The corpus was analyzed according to Latin American cultural and queer studies. The arc of development of each character and the role of the comic in the construction of their sexuality were discussed, as well as how the discursive formations present in soap operas reiterate the moral depreciation historically attributed to homosexuals. Although they can be generically framed within the group of constantly defenestrated homosexual characters, Félix and Téo Pereira present interstitial aspects between abjection and assimilation to the familial logic, a resource used by media culture to pasteurize differences within gender and of sexuality.


El presente trabajo tuvo el objetivo de analizar de qué modo aspectos cómicos presentes en el rendimiento de personajes homosexuales masculinos combinan formaciones discursivas sobre homosexualidad en telenovelas brasileñas. El corpus del trabajo consideró personajes de novelas transmitidas a las 21hs, de la Red Globo, a saber, Félix (Amor a la vida) y Teo Pereira (Imperio). A partir de la depuración de 30 escenas previamente seleccionadas de cada telenovela, fueron escogidas y transcriptas 15 de cada una, totalizando 30 escenas. El corpus fue analizado según referencias de trabajos latino-americanos y de los estudios queer. Fueron discutidos el arco de desarrollo de cada personaje y la función de la comicidad en la construcción de su sexualidad, también de qué modo las formaciones discursivas presentes en las telenovelas reiteran depreciaciones morales históricamente atribuidas a los homosexuales. Aunque puedan ser genéricamente encuadrados en el grupo de los personajes homosexuales constantemente marginados, Félix y Teo Pereira presentan aspectos intersticiales entre la degradación y la asimilación a la lógica familista, recurso utilizado por la cultura de los medios con el fin de pasteurizar las diferencias en el ámbito de las relaciones de género y de la sexualidad.


La présente étude a l'objectif à analyser comment les aspects comiques présents dans la performance de personnages homosexuels masculins construisent des conventions discursives sur l'homosexualité dans des feuilletons brésiliens. Le corpus de l'étude comprend des personnages des feuilletons de la soirée chez Rede Globo, à savoir Felix (Amor à Vida) et Téo Pereira (Império). Après l'épuration de 30 scènes sélectionnées préalablement de chaque feuilleton, on en a sélectionné et transcrit 15 de chacun. À la fin, on a eu 30 scènes. Le corpus a été analysé selon les études culturelles latino-américaines et les études queer. L'arc de développement de chaque personnage et le rôle de la comédie dans la construction de leur sexualité ont été discutés, ainsi que la manière comment les formations discursives présentes dans les feuilletons réitèrent la dépréciation morale historiquement attribuée aux homosexuels. Bien qu'ils puissent s'insérer de manière générique dans le groupe de personnages homosexuels constamment mis à l'écart, Félix et Téo Pereira présentent des aspects interstitiels entre l'abjection et l'assimilation à la logique familialiste, une ressource utilisée par la culture médiatique pour pasteuriser les différences dans le contexte des relations de genre et de la sexualité.


Subject(s)
Homosexuality , Television , Wit and Humor as Topic , Gender Performativity
8.
Rev. univ. psicoanál ; (18): 171-176, dic. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-980065

ABSTRACT

El presente trabajo indaga acerca de los puntos de afinidad y discrepancia entre dos prestigiosos autores que, contemporáneamente, se han ocupado de las condiciones de surgimiento de lo cómico. El primero de ellos, se trata de Henri Bergson, autor del conocido volumen titulado La risa; el segundo, que escribe tan sólo unos años después, es el propio Freud, autor del ensayo El chiste y su relación con lo inconsciente. En las siguientes páginas realizaremos una revisión de estas fuentes. Nos remitiremos también a una lectura común de ambos autores: El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha, de Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra. Examinaremos las caracterizaciones que ambos autores realizan de este conocido personaje a los fines de situar, con mayor precisión, los puntos de confluencia y diferenciación de estos dos teóricos. Para concluir, retomaremos la lectura realizada por Lacan de la obra del filósofo y escritor francés.


This work inquires into the points of affinity and discrepancy between two prestigious authors which, in a contemporary way, have been dealing with the emergence of the comic conditions. The first of them, Henri Bergson, author of the well-known volume entitled Laughter; the second one, who writes just a few years later, is Freud himself, author of the essay The joke and its relation to the unconscious. Through the following pages we are going to make a revision of these sources. We will also refer to a common reading of both authors: The Ingenious nobleman Don Quijote de la Mancha, written by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra. We are going to explore the characterizations which both of them make around this known character in order to place, more accurately, the points of confluence and differentiation of these two theorists. To conclude, we will return to the reading made by Lacan of the work of the French philosopher and writer.


Subject(s)
Humans , Wit and Humor as Topic , Psychoanalysis , Literature
9.
Arq. bras. psicol. (Rio J. 2003) ; 70(1): 276-290, jan./mar. 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-913174

ABSTRACT

Analisamos o humor mórbido produzido pelas vítimas dos campos de concentração nazistas, durante a catástrofe social que foi a Shoah, do ponto de vista da defesa, proposta por Freud, com o engrandecimento do ego, a preservação da integridade narcísica do ego, e como forma ímpar de extrair prazer da própria dor. E do ponto de vista da tradução psíquica do sexual, a partir da Teoria da Sedução Generalizada de J. Laplanche. Trata-se tanto da tradução do excesso transmitido pelo algoz, violência extrema, como da retradução do próprio polimórfico perverso reativado nas vítimas. Discutimos o paradoxo que se instala, pois, se por um lado o humor mórbido teria uma função defensiva e tradutiva do excesso para quem o produz e para quem ri dele, por outro, pode representar um ato de agressão e revitimização de quem se ri


We analyze the black humor produced by the victims of the Nazi concentration camps during the social catastrophe that was the Shoah, from the point of view of the defense, proposed by Freud, with the enlargement of the ego, preserving his narcissistic integrity, and as an odd way to extract pleasure from pain itself. Also from the point of view of psychic translation of the sexual, with the Theory of Generalized Seduction of J. Laplanche. This concerns both the translation of excess transmitted by the executioner, extreme violence, as well as the retranslation of polymorphic perverse reactivated in the victims themselves. We discuss the paradox that is installed because if on one hand the black Humor would have a defensive and translational function of the excess to those who produce and who laughs with that, on the other hand, may represent an act of aggression and victimization of those who are laughed at


Analizamos el humor mórbido producido por las víctimas de los campos de concentración nazis, durante la catástrofe social que fue Shoah, desde el punto de vista de la defensa, propuesto por Freud, con el engrandecimento del ego, la preservación de la integridad narcisista del ego, y como forma impar de extraer placer del propio dolor. Y desde el punto de vista de la traducción psíquica de lo sexual, a partir de la Teoría de la Seducción Generalizada de J. Laplanche.. Se trata tanto de la traducción del exceso transmitido por el verdugo, violencia extrema, como de la retraducción del propio polimórfico perverso reactivado en las víctimas. Discutimos la paradoja que se instala, pues, si por un lado el humor mórbido tendría una función defensiva y traductora del exceso para quien lo produce y para quien se ríe con eso, por otro, puede representar un acto de agresión y revictimización de quien se ríe


Subject(s)
Humans , Holocaust , Psychoanalysis , Psychological Trauma , Wit and Humor as Topic/psychology
10.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 23(4): 1191-1208, oct.-dic. 2016. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-828872

ABSTRACT

Resumo Publicados diariamente de 1994 a 2002 no jornal Correio Popular, de Campinas, os quadrinhos Os cientistas, produzidos por jornalistas e pesquisadores brasileiros, apresentaram a prática científica de modo crítico e irreverente, expondo a insegurança e as frustrações dos cientistas, além dos conflitos entre eles e da dificuldade de comunicação com outros grupos, como os jornalistas. Este artigo mostra a diversidade de personagens, temas, apresentação gráfica e seus possíveis significados, por meio de uma amostra de tiras publicadas nos quatro primeiros anos.


Abstract Published daily from 1994 to 2002 in Correio Popular, a Campinas-based newspaper, Os cientistas (The scientists) comic strips produced by Brazilian researchers and journalists presented science critically and irreverently, exposing the insecurities and frustrations of scientists, as well as the conflicts between them and their communication difficulties with other groups, like journalists. This article shows the diversity of personalities, subjects, graphic styles, and potential meanings in a sample of comic strips published in the first four years.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Cartoons as Topic/history , Newspapers as Topic/history , Research Personnel/history , Science/history , Brazil , Wit and Humor as Topic/history
12.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 21(2): 553-562, Fev. 2016.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-773538

ABSTRACT

Resumo O trabalho com diferentes formas de expressão artístico-culturais tem sido considerado forma de intervenção na saúde que enriquece as possibilidades de compreensão e reflexão sobre necessidades dessa área. Um grupo de palhaços caracterizados de médicos realizou visitas domiciliares por oito meses em dez famílias em micro áreas de duas equipes de saúde da família. A prática visou ampliar a resolubilidade do cuidado a pessoas e a coletividade com intensa proximidade estabelecida pela arte da palhaçaria. A ideia foi fazer intervenções nos domicílios de famílias em situação de vulnerabilidade social indicadas pelas equipes de saúde da família e utilizar a alegria, o humor, o riso como formas de provocar reflexões sobre problemas cotidianos. A presença dos “médicos-palhaços” nas casas foi capaz de construir vínculos fortes e livres com as famílias e de potencializar o cuidado humanizado e integral no contexto da estratégia de saúde da família. Juntos, palhaços e famílias construíram, de modo singular, possíveis soluções para dificuldades enfrentadas no dia a dia. Os palhaços e palhaças foram capazes de agenciar novas construções subjetivas para cada família lidar com situações cotidianas.


Abstract Working with different forms of artistic and cultural expressions has been considered a form of health intervention to enhance the understanding and thinking about the needs in this field. A group of clown doctors conducted home visits for eight months to ten families located in micro areas of two family health teams. The practice aimed at expanding the solvability of the care given to people and to communities through the intense proximity established by the art of clownery. The idea consisted of making interventions in the homes of socially vulnerable families indicated by the family health teams using joy, humor, and laughter to stimulate reflections on the daily problems. The presence of “clown doctors” in the houses built strong and free bonds with the families and enhanced the humanized and comprehensive care within the context of family health strategy. Clowns and families found a special way to find possible solutions to the difficulties faced on a daily basis. Male and female clowns were able to manage new subjective constructions for each family to deal with everyday situations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adult , Wit and Humor as Topic , Family Health , Laughter , Physicians , Complementary Therapies , Health Promotion , House Calls
13.
Estud. psicol. (Campinas) ; 32(4): 583-593, Oct.-Dec. 2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-764149

ABSTRACT

O objetivo foi explorar a associação entre o nível de depressão numa amostra não-clínica e o desempenho em tarefas de memória implícita (priming). Participaram 120 estudantes universitários com idades entre 18 e 27 anos, distribuídos aleatoriamente por duas condições a que correspondiam diferentes tarefas de aprendizagem e uma tarefa de completamento de troncos de palavras. A variável independente foi o nível de depressão (Inventário de Avaliação Clínica da Depressão). Os estímulos usados foram palavras positivas, neutras e negativas. Os resultados mostram uma relação entre maior nível de sintomas cognitivos de depressão e menor completamento de palavras, e sugerem o processamento preferencial de estímulos emocionais congruentes com o nível de depressão e a ativação secundária de estímulos emocionais pelos de valência oposta.


The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the level of depression in a nonclinical sample and the performance on implicit memory (priming) tasks. One-hundred and twenty university students aged between 18 and 27 years were randomly divided into two groups (conditions) based on different learning tasks but including the same word-stem completion task. The independent variable was the level of depression. The independent variable was the level of depression (Inventory of Clinical Assessment of Depression). The stimuli used were positive, neutral, and negative words. The results show a relationship between higher cognitive symptoms of depression and a reduced performance on word completion, and they suggest preferential processing of emotional congruent stimuli with the level of depression and the secondary activation of emotional stimuli by stimuli of opposite valence.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Depression , Repetition Priming , Wit and Humor as Topic
14.
Rev. univ. psicoanál ; 15: 155-175, nov. 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-906099

ABSTRACT

La fundamentación de la certeza configura el punto de apoyo no meramente de los edificios teóricos de las distintas disciplinas sino también, y lo que es más, de cualquier praxis, sea que ella se ocupe o no en considerarlo. Uno de los momentos de la historia más celebrados en que se ha hecho cuestión de un tal basamento por la influencia y los efectos que ha llegado a tener es el de las meditaciones cartesianas sobre filosofía primera, punto de partida -cuanto a lo que a proceder con la certidumbre se refiere- de la moderna ciencia. Como lo ha hecho notar Jacques Lacan, Freud procede asimismo revisando también los tales fundamentos, no por ello convergiendo en la derrota del filósofo francés, pues no se aviene a sacrificar por la afirmación del ser el campo de los pensamientos, y sin apelar tampoco a lugares comunes. Retomando esas indicaciones, en el presente artículo se señalan pues cuestiones básicas atinentes al lugar de la certidumbre y la certeza en el psicoanálisis y en las ciencias deductivas, punto en que se da el deslinde de sus respectivos campos


The principles of certainty constitutes not only merely the toehold of the different disciplines\' theoretical buildings but also, what is more important, of any praxis, regardless whether such a praxis takes them into account or not. One of the most celebrated moments in history when such basis were called into question, due to the influence and effects they have achieved, is the one of Cartesian considerations, starting point of modern science as far as proceeding with confidence is concerned. As pointed out by Jacques Lacan, Freud also proceeds examining such principles, but not in the same way as the philosopher, since he did not resolve to sacrifice for the affirmation of being the field of thoughts, but without the need to resort to common places. Resuming those indications, the present article underlines basic questions concerning the place of confidence and certainty in psychoanalysis and deductive sciences, the starting point from where their different fields branch out.


Subject(s)
Metaphor , Psychoanalysis , Wit and Humor as Topic , Logic
16.
Rev. univ. psicoanál ; 13: 81-90, nov. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-706407

ABSTRACT

En el presente artículo interrogaremos la dimensión táctica de la interpretación psicoanalítica tomando en cuenta las dificultades inherentes a nuestro campo y los peligros de caer en una estandarización. Realizaremos esta lectura sirviéndonos del aparato teórico brindado por los formalistas rusos -especialmente de los conceptos de “automatización” y “ostranenie”- a los fines de indagar la función del humor y lo irónico en el quehacer analítico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Wit and Humor as Topic/psychology , Psychoanalytic Interpretation , Psychoanalysis , Sublimation, Psychological
17.
Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology ; : 161-165, 2013.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-214432

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were 1) to evaluate the effect of isolated uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) on subjective obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) symptoms in adult patients regardless of the response to surgery, and ultimately 2) to investigate the differences in changes in subjective OSA symptoms between successful and unsuccessful surgery groups. METHODS: Twenty consecutive adult patients who underwent isolated UPPP were enrolled. Pre- and postoperative subjective OSA symptoms (snoring, witnessed apnea, daytime sleepiness, morning headache, daytime fatigue, restless sleep, difficulty with morning arousal) and polysomnographic data were evaluated in all subjects. Changes in subjective OSA symptoms before and after surgery were investigated in the successful (n=11) and unsuccessful (n=9) groups. Surgical success was defined as a reduction of at least 50% in the preoperative apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and a postoperative AHI less than 20 per hour. RESULTS: After isolated UPPP, all subjective OSA symptoms changed significantly in the patients, especially in the successful group. In the unsuccessful group, snoring, witnessed apnea and daytime fatigue changed significantly, while other symptoms did not change significantly after surgery. CONCLUSION: Isolated UPPP may improve subjective OSA symptoms in adult patients whom surgery was successful or unsuccessful. However, after isolated UPPP, the improvements in subjective OSA symptoms in the unsuccessful group may be different from those in the successful group.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Apnea , Fatigue , Headache , Polysomnography , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , Snoring , Wit and Humor as Topic
18.
Journal of the Korean Medical Association ; : 93-99, 2013.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-88617

ABSTRACT

Youth suicide is like the tip of an iceberg; while many adolescents have died from suicide, many more adolescents have been harmed by suicide attempts and self-injury. Suicide influences not only the victims, but also their family members, friends, teachers, and neighbors. Witnesses can suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder. Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents worldwide and the first cause of death among Korean adolescents. The number of suicides in Korea, especially among high school students and female students, is rapidly increasing when compared with Western countries. Suicide accounted for 28.2% of deaths among Korean adolescents in 2010. There were 4.44% and 18.97% of adolescents who had attempted suicide and had experienced suicidal ideation in their lifetime, which shows that many adolescents have a potential risk for suicide. Previous studies in Western countries have revealed that risk factors for adolescent suicide consist of three categories: sociodemographic factors (male and low socioeconomic and educational status), mental health factors (depression and drug abuse), and individual negative life events and family diversity (family history of suicidal behavior, parental death, and child abuse). In conclusion, suicide is common and rapidly increasing in Korean adolescents. However, the risk factors of suicide and suicide behaviors in Korean adolescents are yet to be determined. A well-designed nationwide survey is needed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of suicide behaviors and mental disorders among Korean adolescents.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Cause of Death , Friends , Korea , Mental Disorders , Mental Health , Parental Death , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Suicidal Ideation , Suicide , Suicide, Attempted , Wit and Humor as Topic
19.
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology ; : 266-269, 2013.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-78996

ABSTRACT

There are no reports regarding pneumomediastinum caused by thoracic epidural block complications. We believe that it is possible to experience an occurrence of pneumomediastinum caused by air in the epidural space after performing a thoracic epidural block using the loss of resistance (LOR) technique with air. We report a witnessed case where pneumomediastinum appeared after a thoracic epidural block. Pneumorrrhachis, paravertebral muscle emphysema, and pneumomediastinum were diagnosed by Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography. Although extremely rare, pneumomediastinum can be caused by an epidural block using LOR technique with air. In order to avoid the above danger, the use of saline or very minimal amount of air is required during a careful LOR technique.


Subject(s)
Electrons , Emphysema , Epidural Space , Injections, Epidural , Mediastinal Emphysema , Muscles , Wit and Humor as Topic
20.
Journal of Stroke ; : 78-89, 2013.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-14335

ABSTRACT

In the United States (US) stroke care has undergone a remarkable transformation in the past decades at several levels. At the clinical level, randomized trials have paved the way for many new stroke preventives, and recently, several new mechanical clot retrieval devices for acute stroke treatment have been cleared for use in practice by the US Federal Drug Administration. Furthermore, in the mid 1990s we witnessed regulatory approval of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for administration in acute ischemic stroke. In the domain of organization of medical care and delivery of health services, stroke has transitioned from a disease dominated by neurologic consultation services only to one managed by vascular neurologists in geographical stroke units, stroke teams and care pathways, primary stroke center certification according to The Joint Commission, and most recently comprehensive stroke center designation under the aegis of The Joint Commission. Many organizations in the US have been involved to enhance stroke care. To name a few, the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association, Brain Attack Coalition, and National Stroke Association have been on the forefront of this movement. Additionally, governmental initiatives by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and legislative initiatives such as the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Registry program have paved the way to focus on stroke prevention, acute treatment and quality improvement. In this invited review, we discuss a brief history of organized stroke care in the United States, evidence to support the value of primary and comprehensive stroke centers, and the certification criteria and process to become a primary or comprehensive stroke center.


Subject(s)
Brain , Certification , Health Services , Heart , Joints , Quality Improvement , Stroke , Tissue Plasminogen Activator , United States , Wit and Humor as Topic
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